Cognitive radio is being intensively researched as the enabling technology for license-exempt access to the so-called TV White\r\nSpaces (TVWS), large portions of spectrum in the UHF/VHF bands which become available on a geographical basis after digital\r\nswitchover. Both in the US, and more recently, in the UK the regulators have given conditional endorsement to this new mode\r\nof access. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in technology, regulation, and standardisation of cognitive access to TVWS. It\r\nexamines the spectrum opportunity and commercial use cases associated with this form of secondary access.
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